OpenStreetMap ( OSM) is a free, open geographic database updated and maintained by a community of volunteers via open collaboration. Contributors collect data from surveys, trace from aerial imagery and also import from other freely licensed geodata sources. OpenStreetMap is freely licensed under the Open Database License and as a result ... May 8, 2020 ... How to download OSM data using QuickOSM Plugin in QGIS · In the next step we will proceed and install the QuickOSM Plugin. · Go to Vector > .....Mar 24, 2019 ... 1 Answer 1 ... You can use the "share" feature of https://www.openstreetmap.org/ to download an editable .svg file.Nov 16, 2022 ... Dr. Sterling Quinn shows how to download OpenStreetMap data using the QuickOSM plugin in QGIS. Central Washington University offers a GIS ...OpenStreetMap itself is open data, so if you have advanced needs not served by existing tools and services, you are also free to download and process the data yourself without making repeated …Jun 27, 2019 · openstreetmap; download; or ask your own question. The Overflow Blog Defining socially responsible AI: How we select partners . It’s RAG time for LLMs that need a ... Welcome to OpenStreetMap! OpenStreetMap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license. Hosting is supported by UCL, Fastly, …Oct 1, 2018 ... OpenStreeMap (OSM) is a collaborative project to create a world spatial database. This project is motivated by the availability of map ...Download free maps for Garmin from OpenStreetMap. More than 70 countries: Europe, America, Asia, Africa and Oceania.Dec 18, 2023 · in three dimensions. Applications of OpenStreetMap. Browsing our world map. Ready-to-use applications. Routing software both online and offline. web services based on OpenStreetMap data. See also Applications of OpenStreetMap. Education. open problems as ideas for student projects. This page lists and compares existing OSM maps best suited for mountain hiking. The objectives are: For hikers to have a synthetic view of what is (or not) included in the existing hiking maps based on OSM data. So that they can choose the map they use according to their current needs and expectations.Oct 1, 2018 ... OpenStreeMap (OSM) is a collaborative project to create a world spatial database. This project is motivated by the availability of map ...Features of the OSM-plugin: OpenStreetMap, HOT, OpenSeaMap, OpenTopoMap, BaseMap (AT), Stamen in posts/pages. Integration in post / page / widget. HTML Popup Marker. GPX and KML (incl. upload in Mediathek) Map with geo-tagged posts/pages as linked marker. Map with autogenerated track by geo-tagged posts / pages.JOSM is an extensible editor for OpenStreetMap (OSM) for Java 11+. It supports loading GPX tracks, background imagery, and OSM data from local sources as well as from online sources and allows to edit the OSM data (nodes, ways, and relations) and their metadata tags. JOSM is open source and licensed under GPL . Start josm.jnlp (newest tested ...Welcome to OpenStreetMap! OpenStreetMap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license. Hosting is supported by UCL, Fastly, …OpenStreetMap (OSM) è il più grande database geografico libero e modificabile di tutto il mondo, costruito dal lavoro di volontari e rilasciato con una licenza libera.Si tratta di un gigantesco progetto collaborativo, con milioni di utenti registrati in tutto il mondo, il cui scopo è creare e fornire dati geografici liberi a chiunque li voglia utilizzare.Design and host maps with OpenStreetMap vector tiles and open-source tools. Maps are compatible with Leaflet, MapLibre GL SDKs, GIS, WMTS/WMS, XYZ map tiles, etc. ... About Docs Downloads Styles Schema Mobile app Github. Open-source maps made for self-hosting Free OpenStreetMap Vector Tiles. Trusted by.Download this Dataset Dataset extent. Description. This road network dataset was created from data extracted from OpenStreetMap (OSM) across the geographic area of Australia on 05 August 2020. Its purpose is to represent motor-vehicle traversable public roads within Australia. Note, however, as the original dataset is built by a community of ...Download XML. Version #1 · View History · Version #100 Welcome to OpenStreetMap! OpenStreetMap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license. Hosting is supported by UCL, Fastly, Bytemark Hosting, and other partners. ...Jul 6, 2022 ... Download/print streetmap as vector · GameStop · Moderna · Pfizer · Johnson & Johnson · AstraZeneca · Walgreens ·...Kenya Roads (OpenStreetMap Export) OpenStreetMap contains roughly 398.0 thousand km of roads in this region. Based on AI-mapped estimates, this is approximately 21 % of the total road length in the dataset region. The average age of data for the region is 2 years ( Last edited 5 days ago ) and 12% of roads were added or updated in the last 6 ...OpenStreetMap is a community of mappers who contribute and maintain data about roads, trails, cafés, and more, all over the world. You can use OpenStreetMap data for any … Free OpenStreetMap exports from Planet.osm in OSM, PBF, Garmin, Osmand, mapsforge, Organic Maps, SVG, GeoJSON, SQLite, Esri shapefile or mbtiles format as rectangle or polygon For a command-line download, see Getting Data or GroundTruth For Dummies#Downloading OSM Data. If you are writing software, download through the XAPI. Split large area: If your area is a big region or a whole country before compiling OSM data to a garmin IMG file you need to split it with : SplitterData Documentation Blog. © OSM Buildings Twitter Github Privacy Terms ContactDownload XML. Version #1 · View History · Version #49 Welcome to OpenStreetMap! OpenStreetMap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license. Hosting is supported by UCL, Fastly, Bytemark Hosting, and other partners. ...OpenStreetMap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license. Hosting is supported by UCL, Fastly, Bytemark Hosting, and other partners.Nov 7, 2019 ... Daha fazla eğitim videosu için kanalıma abone olabilirsiniz Soru ve görüşleriniz için [email protected] adresine mail atabilirsiniz.Nov 17, 2023 · C++. Offline maps of all countries, fast renderer, offline search, whole planet fits to 27Gb. MAPS.ME (formerly known as MapsWithMe) is a free, proprietary mobile app for iOS and Android that provides offline maps of 345 countries and islands based on OpenStreetMap data. Older versions were open source but it has changed [3] . This application should offer a convenient interface for everyday use of OpenStreetMap including editing options. Currently it includes various map layers, POI editing and a …Mar 8, 2011 ... 9 Answers 9 ... Perhaps the easiest answer to both parts of your question, is to use JOSM. The Java OpenStreetMap Editor. It's easy to download ...OpenStreetMap represents physical features on the ground (e.g., roads or buildings) using tags attached to its basic data structures (its nodes, ways, and relations).Each tag describes a geographic attribute of the feature being shown by that specific node, way or relation. OpenStreetMap's free tagging system allows the map to include an unlimited number of …To download OSM data in QGIS can be done using plugin. If you open Plugins installation windows like figure 1 and search for OSM, you will find two plugins: OSMDownloader and QuickOSM, that can be used to search, find and download OSM data. If you don't have the plugin in your QGIS installation, push Install button to install it.Downloads. Updating the map = download a new version and uninstall the old version (no automatic updates possible). Always remove the old version on your GPS manually, never use two versions of the same map! Please note that the software is provided “as is," you use the software at your own risk. This Openfietsmap can be used freely for any ...Global maps from OpenStreetMap, available per country or region; Wikipedia POIs, great for sightseeing; Always up-to-date maps (updated once a month) ... Offline maps work really well, too, even in back country. I always make sure to download the region if I plan to go hiking. Only downside compared to Google Maps is the user interface for ...Data structure: Raster, Vector. Supply format: ESRI® Shapefile, GML, GeoPackage, and GeoTIFF. Version Date: October 2023. The OS Data Hub can bring your geospatial solutions to life with our APIs, download service, data package creator and other user apps. See a better place with a wealth of free and premium products. This free service can be used by OpenStreetMap contributors only. License. All OpenStreetMap derived data on the download server is licensed under the Open Database License 1.0. You may use the data for any purpose, but you have to acknowledge OpenStreetMap as the data source. Derived databases have to retain the same license. Download. OSM – OpenStreetMap. By MiKa · Details · Reviews · Installation · Development · Support. Description. Add a map with marker in less tha... This free service can be used by OpenStreetMap contributors only. License. All OpenStreetMap derived data on the download server is licensed under the Open Database License 1.0. You may use the data for any purpose, but you have to acknowledge OpenStreetMap as the data source. Derived databases have to retain the same license. OpenStreetMap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license. Hosting is supported by UCL, Fastly, Bytemark Hosting, and other partners. Learn More Start Mapping 300 km ...OpenStreetMap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license. Hosting is supported by UCL, Fastly, Bytemark Hosting, and other partners. Learn More Start Mapping 300 km ... OpenStreetMap ( OSM) is a free, open geographic database updated and maintained by a community of volunteers via open collaboration. Contributors collect data from surveys, trace from aerial imagery and also import from other freely licensed geodata sources. OpenStreetMap is freely licensed under the Open Database License and as a result ... Learn how to download and use OpenStreetMap data for various purposes, such as maps, routing, or analysis. Find out the options for downloading raw data, existing data, or data sets for different regions, features, or formats. Canada Mapping Project, the home of Canada on the OpenStreetMap wiki. Hello! Welcome to the project for mapping efforts in Canada! You can find here national events, ongoing projects, map status and mapping guidelines, as well as links to other pages directly related to the mapping of Canada. You may also find a list of contacts and …Download the plugin from here and unpack to Program Files\Google\Google SketchUp 8\Plugins. On mac the folder is: /Library/Application Support/Google SketchUp 8/SketchUp/Plugins. Usage. Reconstruct 2D outline of a building using Photo Matching tool. The outline should be parallel to XY plane otherwise it will not be exported to OSM file.Feb 11, 2024 · Live download of OSM data Printable webpage Prints all OSM objects for small areas detail survey. hebstreits.com no Vector no square infinitely scalable 1:250.000 – 1:1000 no no no No yes Editable Vector PDF A service that offers urban vector maps in predefined graphic styles for printed use. printMyMap: contours, shading ... OpenStreetMap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license. Hosting is supported by UCL , Fastly , Bytemark Hosting , and other partners . Learn More Start Mapping OpenStreetMap is the free wiki world map. OpenStreetMap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license.Sep 23, 2022 ... My latest #shorts video shows you how to download the fantastic free OpenStreetMap data in QGIS using the QuickOSM plugin.From this site you can download for free Garmin software and device compatible maps of various countries of the world, which have been generated from OpenStreetMap data and are distributed under the Open Data Commons Open Database License, which allows you to copy, distribute and modify the data. All maps can be installed onto your PC or ...OpenMapTiles comes with a variety of different styles optimized for the OpenMapTiles vector tile schema. The styles and schema are free and open-source and you can adapt the design and code for your project or commercial product however you like, if you keep the copyright attributtion. You can either use the styles directly as basemap or as ...Data Documentation Blog. © OSM Buildings Twitter Github Privacy Terms ContactJust one click and you can start downloading OpenStreetMap vector tiles of the entire world for your self-hosted maps. Download map tiles directly or via wget ... Free Download (2020 OpenStreetMap Vectors only) Free download is available only for non-commercial personal projects and evaluation or educational purposes.OpenStreetMap is the free wiki world map. OpenStreetMap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license.OpenStreetMap in QGIS. In QGIS version 3, there are built-in features to use raster and vector data from OpenStreetMap. There is no built-in possibility to upload changes back to a OpenStreetMap server directly from QGIS. ... "Load data" will connect to the OSM server and download data. You can skip this step if you already have a .osm …Download XML. Version #1 · View History · Version #100 Welcome to OpenStreetMap! OpenStreetMap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license. Hosting is supported by UCL, Fastly, Bytemark Hosting, and other partners. ...Download Directly from OSM. The first method is to download directly from the OpenStreetMap website using their exporter. Simply go to www.openstreetmap.org and find the area you would like to download data for. Hit the “Export” button and you will see a screen with the Extent of the download appear.OpenStreetMap is the free, editable map of the world. OpenStreetMap US is a nonprofit organization helping to support and grow the project in the US. Our Work. Taking open mapping to the classroom. Targeted mapping for community partners. Powering community-led …Oct 9, 2022 ... Hello everyone, You might have wondered how to download osm data for a long time. In this video, I will teach you how you can download ...Jan 29, 2024 ... OsmAnd is an offline world map application based on OpenStreetMap (OSM), which allows you to navigate taking into account the preferred ...Aug 8, 2020 · To download OSM data in QGIS can be done using plugin. If you open Plugins installation windows like figure 1 and search for OSM, you will find two plugins: OSMDownloader and QuickOSM, that can be used to search, find and download OSM data. If you don't have the plugin in your QGIS installation, push Install button to install it. OpenStreetMap's community is diverse, passionate, and growing every day. Our contributors include enthusiast mappers, GIS professionals, engineers running the OSM servers, humanitarians mapping disaster-affected areas, and many more. To learn more about the community, see the OpenStreetMap Blog , user diaries, community blogs, …OpenStreetMap's community is diverse, passionate, and growing every day. Our contributors include enthusiast mappers, GIS professionals, engineers running the OSM servers, humanitarians mapping disaster-affected areas, and many more. To learn more about the community, see the OpenStreetMap Blog , user diaries, community blogs, …OpenStreetMapのデータをダウンロードし、QGIS v3.10.10で表示してみました。操作方法を忘れがちなこともあり、また参考として記録しておきます。 公式サイトからのダウンロード こちらの公式サイト、あるいは、こちらでダウンロBBBike.org extract service offers download of SVG files for an area of your choice in different stilings, updated weekly. It uses Maperitive as rendering engine. Boundaries Map offers worldwide download of all administrative boundaries in different file formats, SVG is one of them. Database will be updated at midnight, german time.Jul 2, 2023 ... 26K views · 8:37. Go to channel · How To Quickly Download OSM Data in QGIS OSM Downloader Pluggin. Jessica Lupita•44K views · 10:03. Go to ...For a command-line download, see Getting Data or GroundTruth For Dummies#Downloading OSM Data. If you are writing software, download through the XAPI. Split large area: If your area is a big region or a whole country before compiling OSM data to a garmin IMG file you need to split it with : SplitterOpenStreetMap is the free wiki world map. OpenStreetMap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Find places by name or address (Geocoding) Nominatim can power the search box on your website, allowing your users to type free-form queries (“Cafe Paris, New York”) in any language. It also offers a structured query mode (“postcode=12345”, “city=London”, “type=cafe”) that helps you to automate geocoding of extensive address lists.DE:Downloading data. DE. : Downloading data. Other languages... Es gibt mehrere Möglichkeiten, von dem OpenStreetMap Datensatz Kartendaten herunterzuladen. Der gesamte Datensatz ist auf der OpenStreetMap Website im Download Bereich verfügbar. Es ist auch möglich, kleinere Bereiche für den Download auszuwählen. Die Daten …Nov 4, 2023 · OpenStreetMap is the largest community of mappers who edit the geography of our changing planet. Learn how to download OSM data for free and use it in QGIS or ArcGIS. Find out the types, coverage, and 3D features of OSM data. Procedure¶ · Search and install the QuickOSM plugin from the QGIS Official Plugin Repository. · Once installed, launch the plugin from Vector ‣ QuickOSM ‣ ...6 Answers: When it comes to obtaining the map, you've got two basic options: 1) Download a map from somewhere (easier, but less customisable) 2) Create your own. If you want to download a map, there's a list of providers here. There are lots of options - some routeable and some not, customised for different uses, etc.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. OpenStreetMap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license. Hosting is supported by UCL , Fastly , Bytemark Hosting , and other partners . Learn More Start Mapping Jan 18, 2023 · If you hover over the available sub-regions, the map will preview the extract extent. To use this data in a typical desktop GIS environment such as ArcGIS Pro or QGIS, select the .shp.zip quick link. This will download the data to your computer. The data comes downloaded in multiple layers, each representing a different kind of data. Jan 29, 2024 ... OsmAnd is an offline world map application based on OpenStreetMap (OSM), which allows you to navigate taking into account the preferred ...Download data files from the OpenStreetMap project for free and without personal information. Choose your continent and country of interest from the list and get extracts …OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a free, open geographic database updated and maintained by a community of volunteers via open collaboration.Contributors collect data from surveys, trace from aerial imagery and also import from other freely licensed geodata sources. OpenStreetMap is freely licensed under the Open Database License and as a result …Permalink. 50 km. 20 miAbout Docs Downloads Styles Schema Mobile app Github. Open-source maps made for self-hosting. Free OpenStreetMap Vector Tiles. map ought to be here. Trusted by.May 8, 2020 ... How to download OSM data using QuickOSM Plugin in QGIS · In the next step we will proceed and install the QuickOSM Plugin. · Go to Vector > .....Mar 24, 2019 ... 1 Answer 1 ... You can use the "share" feature of https://www.openstreetmap.org/ to download an editable .svg file.OpenStreetMap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license. Hosting is supported by UCL, Fastly, Bytemark Hosting, and other partners. Learn More Start Mapping 300 km ...Mar 20, 2023 ... Download shapefiles. Pre-made shapefile downloads. download shapefiles created by Geofabrik, updated daily (usually) with a global extract and ...
We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.. Two bedroom house for rent craigslist
Mar 8, 2011 ... 9 Answers 9 ... Perhaps the easiest answer to both parts of your question, is to use JOSM. The Java OpenStreetMap Editor. It's easy to download ...May 24, 2022 · Option 1. Get OSM data snapshot. The original OpenStreetMap files use XML-based formats. The XML format is designed to add new information about nodes, ways and relations, and to keep track of changes made to the map. The alternative formats that are best for data read are produced by third-party tools and extractors. WebGL viewer for just buildings. These 3D scene layers feature global buildings and trees, with trees presented in two styles (realistic and thematic). These scene layers can be used in Scene Viewer, ArcGIS Pro, and other ArcGIS apps that support 3D visualization. 3D buildings map visualization example on the MapLibre and Mapbox sites.Aug 2, 2018 · There are a number of ways to download map data from OpenStreetMap (OSM) as shown in their wiki.Of course you could download the whole Planet.osm but you would need to free up over 800 GB as of date of this article to have the whole data set sitting on your computer waiting to be analyzed. Canada Mapping Project, the home of Canada on the OpenStreetMap wiki. Hello! Welcome to the project for mapping efforts in Canada! You can find here national events, ongoing projects, map status and mapping guidelines, as well as links to other pages directly related to the mapping of Canada. You may also find a list of contacts …Feb 5, 2022 ... OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a source to download free editable geographic data of the world. The creation and growth of OSM have been motivated ...Over the years, Geofabrik Downloads has become the go-to place for anyone who wants to download OpenStreetMap data excerpts. Geofabrik Tools is a collection of a few tools which serve various purposes. Map Compare allows you to compare OpenStreetMap maps rendered by several providers with maps from other providers (Google, Bing etc.).Mar 14, 2022 · According to their website you should be able to download OSM-based maps with GPX Viewer Pro (although I wouldn’t be surprised ff this doesn’t require a subscription). Alternatives for viewing OSM maps offline include OSMAnd (and various forks which allow one to add maps without a purchase) and OrganicMaps. Arbey48 March 14, 2022, 2:00pm 3. It is possible to download portions of OpenStreetMap's raw data (in .osm) that be can exported to a wide variety of formats (including SHP, POSTGIS, geojson) for many purposes, including use in professional GIS software. Software. There is a wide variety of software available using OSM data and services. See Software page. Software …OpenStreetMap is the free wiki world map. OpenStreetMap has several resources for learning about the project, asking and answering questions, and collaboratively discussing and documenting mapping topics.Sep 20, 2023 · The most important formats are: PBF Format – highly compressed, optimized binary format similar to the API, recommended for data processing. OSM XML – XML format provided by the API. Please use PBF if you can. OSM JSON – JSON format provided by the API, based on Overpass API JSON format. o5m – for high-speed processing, uses PBF coding ... It depends on what kind of image file you want... If you want a png or jpeg, etc you can download it from the openstreetmap.org site and use the share link at the right side. See also the this link to a previous question for other relevent points. Instead, if you want .img type map file to load on to a Garmin gps you don't download directly ... Welcome to the home of open mapping in the United States. OpenStreetMap is the free, editable map of the world. OpenStreetMap US is a nonprofit organization helping to support and grow the project in the US. Apr 24, 2023 ... OpenStreetMap က Vector Data တွေကို download ရယူနည်းလေးကို ပြောပြထားပါတယ်။ OpenStreetMap Tutorial Videos ရဲ့ Episode 1ပါ။OpenStreetMap contains roughly 13.3 thousand km of roads in this region. Based on AI-mapped estimates, this is approximately 91 % of the total road length in the dataset region. The average age of data for the region is 4 years ( Last edited 9 days ago ) and 7% of roads were added or updated in the last 6 months.Free OpenStreetMap exports from Planet.osm in OSM, PBF, Garmin, Osmand, mapsforge, Organic Maps, SVG, GeoJSON, SQLite, Esri shapefile or mbtiles format as rectangle or polygon.
Popular Topics
Buy money | Download Directly from OSM. The first method is to download directly from the OpenStreetMap website using their exporter. Simply go to www.openstreetmap.org and find the area you would like to download data for. Hit the “Export” button and you will see a screen with the Extent of the download appear. cartography decisions made on top of OpenStreetMap, Natural Earth and other OpenData sources and is 100% open and free to use, extend or build upon. We hope people will adapt, copy and reimplement our schema and data model in their projects while providing attribution. See the schema OpenStreetMap Wiki. Welcome to OpenStreetMap, the project that creates and distributes free geographic data for the world. We started it because most maps you think of as free actually have legal or technical restrictions on their use, holding back people from using them in creative, productive, or unexpected ways....
The gridiron uniform database | Use uMap.openstreetmap.fr, create your account, then create a map. This will be a standard map based on openstreetmap.org. Edit the map, click on Edit map properties (cog icon), click on Custom Overlay and enter the following;Feb 25, 2024 · Now we can download the data displayed on the map canvas. Go to Vector ‣ OpenStreetMap ‣ Downlod data. In the Download OpenStreetMap data dialog, choose From map canvas as the Extent. Choose the path and name the output file as london.osm. The downloaded file with the .osm extension is an text file in the OSM XML format. Mar 20, 2023 ... Download shapefiles. Pre-made shapefile downloads. download shapefiles created by Geofabrik, updated daily (usually) with a global extract and ......
Craigslist rich va | It is possible to download portions of OpenStreetMap's raw data (in .osm) that be can exported to a wide variety of formats (including SHP, POSTGIS, geojson) for many purposes, including use in professional GIS software. Software. There is a wide variety of software available using OSM data and services. See Software page. Software …Sign Up | OpenStreetMap. Free and editable. Unlike other maps, OpenStreetMap is completely created by people like you, and it's free for anyone to fix, update, download …...
Target stool | OpenStreetMap itself is open data, so if you have advanced needs not served by existing tools and services, you are also free to download and process the data yourself without making repeated …Downloads. Updating the map = download a new version and uninstall the old version (no automatic updates possible). Always remove the old version on your GPS manually, never use two versions of the same map! Please note that the software is provided “as is," you use the software at your own risk. This Openfietsmap can be used freely for any ...Mar 24, 2019 ... 1 Answer 1 ... You can use the "share" feature of https://www.openstreetmap.org/ to download an editable .svg file....
Hours oreillys auto parts | Use uMap.openstreetmap.fr, create your account, then create a map. This will be a standard map based on openstreetmap.org. Edit the map, click on Edit map properties (cog icon), click on Custom Overlay and enter the following;What is OpenStreetMap? Main tools in this lesson. OSMnx; NetworkX. Download and visualise OpenStreetMap data with OSMnx....
Roads that are flooded near me | Plugin ID: 727. ( 229) votes. Plugin to download OSM data by area, using a selection by rectangle. The plugin can also automatically load the osm file into QGIS in a transparent way. About. Details. Versions. Plugin to download OSM data using threads with a simple area selection. It can automatically load downloaded *.osm files as QGIS layers.May 24, 2022 · Option 1. Get OSM data snapshot. The original OpenStreetMap files use XML-based formats. The XML format is designed to add new information about nodes, ways and relations, and to keep track of changes made to the map. The alternative formats that are best for data read are produced by third-party tools and extractors. Dec 6, 2023 ... OSM Map On Garmin/Download · The Garmin device loads a single map file called "gmapsupp. · There can only be one "gmapsupp. · Your SD......